CBSE 10th Class Unit 1 - Operating System(OS)

 Operating System(OS)

An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. ¹ It actsas an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware.  

 

Functions of the Operating System

1. Memory Management:
• Allocates and deallocates memory to programs.
• Manages the use of RAM effectively.
• Implements virtual memory to allow programs to use more memory than physically available.

                                         Memory Management in OS

2. Process Management:
• Manages the execution of programs (processes).
• Creates and terminates processes.
• Schedules processes for CPU time.
• Handles process synchronization and communication.

                                                    Process Management in OS

3. Device Management:
• Controls and manages input/output devices.
• Provides drivers for devices to communicate with the OS.
• Manages device access and resource allocation.

 

                                                            Device Management in OS

4. File Management:
• Organizes and manages files on storage devices.
• Creates, deletes, and modifies files.
• Implements file systems to store and retrieve files efficiently.

                                                    File Management in OS

5. User Interface:
• Provides a way for users to interact with the computer.
• Includes command-line interfaces (CLI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI).

                Commandline Interface (CLI) vs. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

OS User Interface

• Command-Line Interface (CLI):
• Users interact with the computer by typing commands.
• Offers more control and flexibility for experienced users.
• Example: Linux terminal
• Graphical User Interface (GUI):
• Uses icons, windows, and menus for user interaction.
• More user-friendly and easier to learn.

Example: Windows desktop, macOS, iOS